LC3-associated endocytosis (LANDO) is a noncanonical function of the autophagy
machinery, in which LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain) is conjugated to rab5 …

A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection imposes a severe burden on global public health.
Currently, there are no curative therapies for millions of chronic HBV-infected patients …

Rubicon (Rubcn) was initially identified as a component of the Class III PI 3K complex and a
negative regulator of canonical autophagy and endosomal trafficking. However, Rubicon …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection is a critical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.
The innate immune response to HBV infection is a matter of debate. In particular, viral …

Glucosamine (GlcN), a dietary supplement widely utilized to promote joint health and
effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, is an effective macroautophagy/autophagy …

Highlights•LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a form of non-canonical autophagy that
requires the activity of Rubicon.•Uptake of pathogens, immune complexes, and dying cells …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) immune escape is regulated by the exhaustion of …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major cause of hepatic disease that threatens human
health worldwide. Type I IFN (IFN-I) therapy is an important therapeutic option for HBV …

Highlights•Pathogens can be targeted by autophagic machinery in a process termed
selective autophagy.•In xenophagy, pathogens are ubiquitinated and delivered to LC3+ …