Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway is a promising target
for cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the intracellular STING protein triggers the …

Simple Summary Immunotherapies have revolutionized the field of cancer therapeutics, yet
a substantial subset of patients fail to respond. Recent efforts have focused on identifying …

Radiotherapy (RT) uses ionizing radiation to eradicate localized tumors and, in rare cases,
control tumors outside of the irradiated fields via stimulating an antitumor immune response …

Adjuvant is an essential component in subunit vaccines. Many agonists of pathogen
recognition receptors have been developed as potent adjuvants to optimize the …

The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway has tremendous potential to improve anti-tumor
immunity by generating type I interferons. In recent decades, we have witnessed that …

Activation of the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway within the tumor
microenvironment has been shown to generate a strong antitumor response. Although local …

With the continuous development of immunotherapy, researchers have paid more attention
to the specific immune regulatory mechanisms of various immune responses in different …

Subunit vaccines are more advantageous than live attenuated vaccines in terms of safety
and scale-up manufacture. However, this often comes as a trade-off to their efficacy. Over …

Cancer immunotherapy modulates and leverages the host immune system to treat cancer.
The past decade has witnessed historical advancement of cancer immunotherapy. A myriad …