In numerous brain structures, insulin signaling modulates the homeostatic processes,
sensitivity to reward pathways, executive function, memory, and cognition. Through human …

Exposure to direct or contextual adversities during early life programs the functioning of the
brain and other biological systems, contributing to the development of physical as well as …

Cardiometabolic and psychiatric disorders often co-exist and share common early life risk
factors, such as low birth weight. However, the biological pathways linking early adversity to …

While the co-morbidity between metabolic and psychiatric behaviors is well-established, the
mechanisms are poorly understood, and exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is a common …

Early-life adversity during pre-and early post-natal phases can impact brain development
and lead to maladaptive changes in executive behaviors. This increases the risk for a range …

Recent studies have implicated a role for impulsivity in the altered eating behaviors and the
increased risk for obesity consistently associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) …

Perinatal nutrition is a key player in the susceptibility to developing metabolic diseases in
adulthood, leading to the concept of “metabolic programming”. The aim of this study was to …

Insulin receptors, located in brain regions associated with reward sensitivity and decision-
making, facilitate insulin action in the brain, modulating intracellular signaling cascades …

Fetal restriction (FR) alters insulin sensitivity, but it is unknown how the metabolic profile
associated with restriction affects development of the dopamine (DA) system and DA-related …

Abstract Purpose of Review To summarize recent findings on the associations of intrauterine
growth restriction (IUGR) and long-term metabolic consequences such as obesity, type 2 …