Background: Lianas present many interesting structural features that are linked to their
climbing habit. Having lost substantial amounts of supporting tissue, these plants depend on …

The concept of growth rings is little discussed in the literature and their treatment remains
somewhat confusing in terms of the diversity of structures described. This situation has a …

The vascular system of lianas exhibits a number of shared features that result from
convergent evolution and are independent of their taxonomic affinities. This chapter …

The Sapindales are a large order comprised of trees, shrubs, lianas and rarely herbs. This
lineage is mostly pantropical with important temperate lineages, inclusing some of the most …

The circumscription of Bignoniaceae genera and tribes has undergone major changes
following an increased understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the family. While …

Wood (secondary xylem) is responsible for water transport and has been well-studied
anatomically, ecologically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Comparative methods can …

This paper reviews histological studies of cambium activity in South American woody
species and provides future research prospects. The majority of the studies almost …

• Premise of the study: The phloem is a plant tissue with a critical role in plant nutrition and
signaling. However, little is still known about the evolution of this tissue. In lianas of the …

Premise Polishing entire stem and root samples is an effective method for studying their
anatomy; however, polishing fresh samples to preserve woods with soft tissues or barks is …

This work compares potential xylem hydraulic efficiency among Bignoniaceae lianas, shrubs
and trees. Five species from each growth habit were analysed to determine variance among …