Since its initial discovery as an allosteric factor regulating cellulose biosynthesis in
Gluconacetobacter xylinus, the list of functional outputs regulated by c-di-GMP has grown …

Much of our current understanding of microbiology is based on the application of genetic
engineering procedures. Since their inception (more than 30 years ago), methods based …

A fundamental strategy of eukaryotic antiviral immunity involves the cGAS enzyme, which
synthesizes 2′, 3′-cGAMP and activates the effector STING. Diverse bacteria contain …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-mediated delivery of proteins to host cells is an
important mechanism of host-pathogen communication. Emerging evidence suggests that …

Allelic exchange is an efficient method of bacterial genome engineering. This protocol
describes the use of this technique to make gene knockouts and knock-ins, as well as single …

Legumes obtain nitrogen from air through rhizobia residing in root nodules. Some species of
rhizobia can colonize cereals but do not fix nitrogen on them. Disabling native regulation …

Antibiotic efficacy can be antagonized by bioactive metabolites and other drugs present at
infection sites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of biofilm-based infections …

Microbial production of antibiotics is common, but our understanding of their roles in the
environment is limited. In this study, we explore long-standing observations that microbes …

Engineering N2-fixing symbioses between cereals and diazotrophic bacteria represents a
promising strategy to sustainably deliver biologically fixed nitrogen (N) in agriculture. We …

The root microbiota is critical for agricultural yield, with growth-promoting bacteria able to
solubilise phosphate, produce plant growth hormones, antagonise pathogens and fix N2 …