The serotonergic precursor tryptophan and the dopaminergic precursor tyrosine have been
shown to be important modulators of mood, behaviour and cognition. Specifically, research …

Humans are more likely to become addicted and to stay addicted than are other animals.
This chapter is a neurobiological and molecular review of addiction and the cooccurring …

To adapt flexibly to a rapidly changing environment, humans must anticipate conflict and
respond to surprising, unexpected events. To this end, the brain estimates upcoming conflict …

Orienting biases refer to consistent, trait-like direction of attention or locomotion toward one
side of space. Recent studies suggest that such hemispatial biases may determine how well …

Substance abuse disorders are devastating, costly, and difficult to treat. Identifying the
neurochemical mechanisms underlying reinforcement promises to provide critical …

Despite advances in the disciplines of psychology and neuroscience, contemporary
addiction theories often provide contradicting perspectives on the phenomenon. The …

A psicologia da escrita é uma disciplina que, através do estudo dos traços e padrões
revelados pela escrita, permite-nos inferir sobre a personalidade do autor. A escrita é …