As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to persistently changing stresses and have to be
able to interpret and respond to them. The stresses, drought, salinity, chemicals, cold and …

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced immune mechanism in plants. Unlike
vertebrate adaptive immunity, SAR is broad spectrum, with no specificity to the initial …

Cells operate a signaling network termed the unfolded protein response (UPR) to monitor
protein-folding capacity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 …

Global climate change is predicted to result in increased yield losses of agricultural crops
caused by environmental conditions. In particular, heat and drought stress are major factors …

Heat stress induces misfolded protein accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which
initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants. Previous work has demonstrated the …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is of considerable interest to plant biologists because it
occurs in plants subjected to adverse environmental conditions. ER stress responses …

The endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are major plant organelles for
protein synthesis, photosynthesis, metabolism, and energy production. Protein homeostasis …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) has traditionally been viewed as an adaptive
response triggered by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum …

Interorganellar cooperation maintained via exquisitely controlled retrograde-signaling
pathways is an evolutionary necessity for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. This …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in plants during certain developmental stages or
under adverse environmental conditions, as a result of the accumulation of unfolded or …