Central pattern generators (CPGs) are circuits that generate organized and repetitive motor
patterns, such as those underlying feeding, locomotion and respiration. We summarize …

Neuromodulation by peptides and amines is a primary source of plasticity in the nervous
system as it adapts the animal to an ever-changing environment. The crustacean …

The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) is essential for normal respiratory rhythm generation in
rodents, for which the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Excitatory preBötC …

The neuropeptide, red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), strengthened the inhibitory
synapse from the lateral pyloric (LP) neuron to the pyloric dilator (PD) neurons in the pyloric …

Although neuromodulation of synapses is extensively documented, its consequences in the
context of network oscillations are not well known. We examine the modulation of synaptic …

The dynamic clamp introduces artificial conductances into cells to simulate electrical
coupling, votage-dependent, leak, and synaptic conductances. This review describes how …

Motor systems operate over a range of frequencies and relative timing (phase). We studied
the role of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (I h) in regulating these features in …

Synapses show short-term activity-dependent dynamics that alter the strength of neuronal
interactions. This synaptic plasticity can be tuned by neuromodulation as a form of …

Many oscillatory networks involve neurons that exhibit intrinsic rhythmicity but possess a
large variety of voltage-gated currents that interact in a complex fashion, making it difficult to …

A variety of neurons and synapses shows a maximal response at a preferred frequency,
generally considered to be important in shaping network activity. We are interested in …