Present article sketches out major climate induced changes in marine, aquatic and terrestrial
life. Few important biomarkers such as ecological, meteorological, socioeconomic, thermal …

Parental age at offspring conception often influences offspring longevity, but the
mechanisms underlying this link are poorly understood. One mechanism that may be …

Incubation is an important component of parental care in birds, and species differ widely in
their incubation rhythm. In this comparative study, we focused on factors responsible for …

With 68% of the world's population expected to live in cities by 2050, it is crucial to
understand how animals respond to urbanization. Urban areas are associated with changes …

Ambient temperature experienced by an animal during development or subsequently as an
adult can affect many aspects of its behaviour and life-history traits. In birds, egg incubation …

Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are used as ecological indicators of the coastal Lake
Superior ecosystem in Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario, Canada. Their populations have …

The timing of breeding often has a profound influence on the reproductive success of birds
living in seasonal environments with rapidly changing nestling food availability. Timing is …

Most bird species exhibit biparental care, but the type of care provided by each sex may
differ substantially. In particular, during the incubation phase in passerines, females perform …

As global land surfaces are being converted to urban areas at an alarming rate,
understanding how individuals respond to urbanization is a key focus for behavioral …

Incubation is an energetically costly parental task of breeding birds. Incubating parents
respond to environmental variation and nest‐site features to adjust the balance between the …