The core axoneme structure of both the motile cilium and sperm tail has the same
ultrastructural 9+ 2 microtubular arrangement. Thus, it can be expected that genetic defects …

In assisted reproductive technology (ART), the aim of sperm cells' preparation is to select
competent spermatozoa with the highest fertilization potential and in this context, the …

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition affecting the
structure and function of sperm flagellum and motile cilia including those in the male and …

Cryopreservation is an expanding strategy to allow not only fertility preservation for
individuals who need such procedures because of gonadotoxic treatments, active duty in …

Almost 50% of the infertility cases are due to male factors. Assisted reproductive
technologies (ARTs) allow to overcome the incapacity of these patients' spermatozoa to …

Asthenozoospermia (AZS), defined by reduced motility or absent sperm motility, is one of the
main causes of male infertility. This condition may be divided into isolated AZS in the …

The application of laser technology in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART)
has experienced rapid growth over the past decades owing to revolutionary techniques such …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disease caused by the malfunction of motile cilia,
manifests mainly with chronic recurrent respiratory infections. In men, PCD is also often …

Retrieving spermatozoa from the testicles has been a great hope for patients with non-
obstructive azoospermia (NOA), but relevant methods have not yet been developed to the …

There have been many significant scientific advances in the diagnostics and treatment
modalities in the field of male infertility in recent decades. Examples of these include …