Recent years have witnessed the emergence of powerful new tools for assaying the brain
and a remarkable acceleration of research focused on the interplay of emotion and …

Summary Ultra-slow,∼ 0.1-Hz variations in the oxygenation level of brain blood are widely
used as an fMRI-based surrogate of" resting-state" neuronal activity. The temporal …

Optogenetic interrogation of neural pathways relies on delivery of light-sensitive opsins into
tissue and subsequent optical illumination and electrical recording from the regions of …

Both observational and perturbational technologies are essential for advancing the
understanding of brain function and dysfunction. But while observational techniques have …

Despite the increasing use of optogenetics in vivo, the effects of direct light exposure to brain
tissue are understudied. Of particular concern is the potential for heat induced by prolonged …

Neural activity is intimately tied to blood flow in the brain. This coupling is specific enough in
space and time that modern imaging methods use local hemodynamics as a measure of …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has allowed the noninvasive study of task-
based and resting-state brain dynamics in humans by inferring neural activity from blood …

It is widely thought that phasic and sustained responses to threat reflect dissociable circuits
centered on the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and the bed nucleus of the stria …

Abstract Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) of the human brain
has revealed multiple large-scale neural networks within a hierarchical and complex …

An understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the development of epilepsy
and the generation of epileptic seizures will require delineation of the aberrant functional …