Optogenetics is an exciting new technology that allows targetable fast control and readout of
specific neural populations in complex brain circuits. With the rapid development of light …

Optogenetics is an innovative technique for optical control of cells. This field has exploded
over the past decade or so and has given rise to great advances in neuroscience. A variety …

Cumulative evidence from both humans and animals suggests that the anterior cingulate
cortex (ACC) is important for pain-related perception, and thus a likely target for pain relief …

Over the past decades, optical technologies have entered neural implant technologies.
Applications such as optogenetics, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and direct-near …

Epilepsy is a complex disorder involving neurological alterations that lead to the
pathological development of spontaneous, recurrent seizures. For decades, seizures were …

Electromagnetic radiation changes its momentum when it interacts with small particles and a
gradient force is experienced by the particle. This can be utilized to manipulate microscopic …

In photodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular
degeneration (AMD), progressive loss of vision occurs as a result of degeneration of the …

Although cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD) were originally assumed to be
homogeneously and concentrically propagating waves, evidence obtained first in …

Motoneurons are the final output pathway for the brain's influence on behavior. Here we
identify properties of hypoglossal motor output to the tongue musculature. Tongue motor …

Optogenetics is an emerging technology that allows targetable, fast control and readout of
specific neural populations in complex brain circuits. The intricate and complex interactions …