Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Diabetes mellitus type II and obesity are two important causes of death in modern society.
They are characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction (meta …

The relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action causes diabetes.
However, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be associated with an absolute increase …

The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight.
However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering …

Macrophages, the central mediators of innate immune responses, being in the first-line of
defense, they have to readily respond to pathogenic or tissue damage signals to initiate the …

Serine metabolism is reportedly involved in immune cell functions, but whether and how
serine metabolism regulates macrophage polarization remain largely unknown. Here, we …

Obesity is characterized as a complex and multifactorial excess accretion of adipose tissue
(AT) accompanied with alterations in the immune response that affects virtually all age and …

In metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, which are associated with
deregulated signaling of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor system (IIGFs), inflammation …

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic
syndrome, being a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and with important links to …

Obesity-related complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2
diabetes (T2D) are well-established risk factors for the development of hepatocellular …