Due to the continuous exploration of ocean resources, the marine structures are gradually
applied from offshore to far-reaching sea areas, and the safety and reliability of the marine …

The discrete-element method (DEM) has become a pivotal tool for investigating soil–plant
interactions in agricultural and environmental engineering. This review examines recent …

Soil dynamics has been the core of studying the mechanism of soil-tool interaction.
However, it is very challenging to study the dynamics of paddy soil that contains a significant …

Shovelling the soil and cutting the roots is the first step in harvesting the whole spinach
plant, which determines the movement state of spinach plants, the state of soil fragmentation …

Paddy field fertilizer banding requires the use of high-performance soil furrow openers. The
bionic design method has been identified as an effective approach to obtain desired results …

Due to the severe caking and high soil viscosity in southern China, harvesting traditional
Chinese medicinal materials is relatively difficult. To ensure high screening efficiency of root …

To initiate its development into a plant, a small dark-grown seedling (prior to its emergence
from the ground) must penetrate through the growth media. The path that the seedling takes …

Manure distribution in soil creates a ground environment that is conducive to crop
cultivation. However, the lumping and concentration of manure in the field can occur …

Returning pruned branches into the field is a key procedure in kiwifruit cultivation. It utilizes
discarded branches and aids in orchard management. Shearing and bending behaviors …

During precision sowing, the contact process between the soil and seeds cannot be ignored.
The constitutive relationship of soil is relatively complex, with characteristics such as high …