Vaccines are one of the most important tools available to prevent and reduce the incidence
of infectious diseases in cattle. Despite their availability and widespread use to combat …

Vaccines are the most effective means of controlling infectious diseases. Increasingly
epidemics have driven the development of vaccines for human use. However, insufficient …

Nowadays, safe and efficacious vaccines represent powerful and cost-effective tools for
global health and economic growth. In the veterinary field, these are undoubtedly key tools …

The development of nanoparticles (NPs) with potential therapeutic uses represents an area
of vast interest in the scientific community during the last years. Recently, the pandemic …

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of hospital-
acquired infections worldwide, which is resistant to many antibiotics, resulting in significant …

Tick-transmitted pathogens cause infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Different
types of adaptive immune mechanisms could be induced in hosts by these microorganisms …

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) causes severe nosocomial
infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. Increasing drug …

Vaccination is an effective method to prevent viral diseases. However, the biological barrier
prevents the immersion vaccine from achieving the best effect without adding adjuvants and …

Due to its wide host range and frequently causing significant mortality, infectious spleen and
kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) has caused huge economic losses on mandarin fish in China …

The interactions between antigen and adjuvant were among the most significant factors
influencing the immunogenicity of vaccines, especially for unstable antigens like inactivated …