How a sidekick scripting language for Java, created at Netscape in a ten-day hack, ships first
as a de facto Web standard and eventually becomes the world's most widely used …

The literature on gradual typing presents three fundamentally different ways of thinking
about the integrity of programs that combine statically typed and dynamically typed code …

Context: Gradually-typed languages allow typed and untyped code to interoperate, but
typically come with significant drawbacks. In some languages, the types are unreliable; in …

Programming language theoreticians develop blame assignment systems and prove blame
theorems for gradually typed programming languages. Practical implementations of gradual …

The DefinitelyTyped repository hosts type declarations for thousands of JavaScript libraries.
Given the lack of formal connection between the types and the corresponding code, a …

Behavioral software contracts allow programmers to strengthen the obligations and
promises that they express with conventional types. They lack expressive power, though …

The literature presents many strategies for enforcing the integrity of types when typed code
interacts with untyped code. This article presents a uniform evaluation framework that …

Gradual typing systems ensure type soundness by transforming static type annotations into
run-time checks. These checks provide semantic guarantees, but may come at a large cost …

Gradually typed programming languages permit the incremental addition of static types to
untyped programs. To remain sound, languages insert run-time checks at the boundaries …

We can tease apart the research on gradual types into twolineages': a pragmatic,
implementation-oriented dynamic-first lineage and a formal, type-theoretic, static-first …