Obesity has become a major epidemic in the 21st century. It increases the risk of
dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, which are known cardiometabolic risk …

Obesity is a complex disease that affects whole body metabolism and is associated with an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical …

Epicardial adipose tissue has unique properties that distinguish it from other depots of
visceral fat. Rather than having distinct boundaries, the epicardium shares an unobstructed …

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that controls body fluid and electrolyte balance.
Excess aldosterone is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Inflammation …

Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological,
biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular …

Aging is the primary risk factor underlying hypertension and incident cardiovascular disease.
With aging, the vasculature undergoes structural and functional changes characterized by …

Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk.
Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of …

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an additional special type of adipose tissue
surrounding blood vessels. Under physiological conditions, PVAT plays a significant role in …

The management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) has improved
significantly over the last two decades. In contrast, little or no progress has been made in …

Background—In obesity, the excessive synthesis of aldosterone contributes to the
development and progression of metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Obesity …