Pathogens get entry into host cell, reproduce there and use biological machinery of host
plants which is threat to global crop production. Integrated management strategies based …

Costs of defense are central to our understanding of interactions between organisms and
their environment, and defensive phenotypes of plants have long been considered to be …

Why do species live where they live? What determines the abundance and diversity of
species in a given area? What role do species play in the functioning of entire ecosystems …

Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use
virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their …

ABSTRACT Several hypotheses, mainly Optimal Defense (OD), Carbon: Nutrient Balance
(CNB), Growth Rate (GR), and Growth-Differentiation Balance (GDB), have individually …

Several theories have provided a framework for understanding variation in plant defence
against herbivores. Among them, the plant apparency theory and the resource availability …

The current concepts of host plant resistance to insects are reviewed in this book. The broad
coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insect-plant interactions …

Induced resistance is now widely accepted as a potent and widespread ecological force
although several pieces of the story remain very poorly known. Theory predicts that induced …

Although plant‐herbivore and plant‐pollinator interactions have traditionally been studied
separately, many traits are simultaneously under selection by both herbivores and …

The net value of any plant trait can be assessed by measuring the costs and benefits
associated with that trait. While the other contributors to this issue examine the possible …