Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

The electric excitability of muscle, heart, and brain tissue relies on the precise interplay of
Na+-and K+-selective ion channels. The involved ion fluxes are controlled in optogenetic …

We developed a flexible two-photon microendoscope (2P-FENDO) capable of all-optical
brain investigation at near cellular resolution in freely moving mice. The system performs fast …

The simultaneous imaging and manipulating of neural activity could enable the functional
dissection of neural circuits. Here we have combined two-photon optogenetics with …

Temporal focusing, with its ability to focus light in time, enables scanless illumination of large
surface areas at the sample with micrometer axial confinement and robust propagation …

Since the time of their introduction, optical tweezers (OTs) have grown to be a powerful tool
in the hands of biologists. OTs use highly focused laser light to guide, manipulate, or sort …

Sensory systems transform the external world into time-varying spike trains. What features of
spiking activity are used to guide behavior? In the mouse olfactory bulb, inhalation of …

Two-photon voltage imaging has long been heralded as a transformative approach capable
of answering many long-standing questions in modern neuroscience. However, exploiting …

To better examine circuit mechanisms underlying perception and behavior, researchers
need tools to enable temporally precise control of action-potential generation of individual …