Inadequate perioperative pain is, unfortunately, frequent, and has clinically relevant
consequences, including decreased patient satisfaction, delayed postoperative mobilization …

Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative, which functions primarily as an antagonist of the N-
methyl-d-aspartate receptor. It has no affinity for gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the …

Most patients who undergo surgical procedures experience acute postoperative pain, but
evidence suggests that less than half report adequate postoperative pain relief. Many …

Background Ketamine infusions have been used for decades to treat acute pain, but a
recent surge in usage has made the infusions a mainstay of treatment in emergency …

Postoperative pain has been poorly managed for decades. Recent surveys from USA and
Europe do not show any major improvement. Persistent postoperative pain is common after …

The development of chronic pain is considered a major complication after surgery. Basic
science research in animal models helps us understand the transition from acute to chronic …

Over the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary
medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, blunts central pain sensitization at sub-
anesthetic doses (0.3 mg/kg or less) and has been studied extensively as an adjunct for …

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is an unwanted adverse event in any operation. It leads to
functional limitations and psychological trauma for patients, and leaves the operative team …

Ketamine is commonly used as an analgesic in emergency medicine and as an adjuvant
drug in the perioperative setting. In addition, it is used as a third-line adjuvant drug for opioid …