With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying
pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in …

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) injury and dysfunction following infection with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enables viral entry into the brain, infection of resident brain …

Background Despite established antiviral therapy for herpes simplex (HSV), varicella zoster
(VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis, outcome remains poor. Objectives To …

In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), as infected individuals continue to have
longer lifespans, there is also an increased prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive …

This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and
opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years …

Background Appropriate interactions between antiretroviral therapies (ART) and drug
transporters and metabolizing enzymes at the blood brain barrier (BBB) are critical to ensure …

Delivering cargo to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a pharmacological challenge.
For infectious diseases such as HIV, the CNS acts as a latent reservoir that is inadequately …

HIV particles in the blood largely originate from activated lymphocytes and can overshadow
variants which may be expressed from other cell types. Investigations of virus persistence …

People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for
chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune …