Vaccines and other alternative products are central to the future success of animal
agriculture because they can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and …

Although prokaryotes ordinarily undergo binary fission to produce two identical daughter
cells, some are able to undergo alternative developmental pathways that produce daughter …

Endospores formed by Bacillus, Clostridia, and related genera are encased in a protein
shell called the coat. In many species, including B. subtilis, the coat is the outermost spore …

The expression of heterologous proteins in microorganisms using genetic recombination is
still the high point in the development and exploitation of modern biotechnology. People can …

Adjuvants and antigen-delivery systems are essential in inducing and modifying immune
responses, and despite the variety of materials available for such use, mechanisms by which …

The bacterium Bacillus subtilis has long been an important subject for basic studies.
However, this organism has also had industrial applications due to its easy genetic …

Drug delivery is a rapidly growing area of research motivated by the nanotechnology
revolution, the ideal of personalized medicine, and the desire to reduce the side effects of …

Bacillus subtilis is a well-characterized Gram-positive bacterium and a valuable host for
recombinant protein production because of its efficient secretion ability, high yield, and non …

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infection in the developed world. Two
toxins, A and B, produced by most strains of C. difficile are implicated as virulence factors …

Streptococcus agalactiae infections are becoming an increasing problem in aquaculture
because of significant morbidity and mortality, which restricts the healthy development of …