Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most devastating and frequent
injuries of the knee. Surgical reconstruction is the current standard of care for treatment of …

Entheses (insertion sites, osteotendinous junctions, osteoligamentous junctions) are sites of
stress concentration at the region where tendons and ligaments attach to bone …

Tendon and ligament (TL) injuries affect millions of people annually. Biopolymers play a
significant role in TL tissue repair, whether the treatment relies on tissue engineering …

Interface tissue engineering (ITE) is a rapidly developing field that aims to fabricate
biological tissue alternates with the goal of repairing or regenerating the functions of …

Connective tissues such as tendons or ligaments attach to bone across a multitissue
interface with spatial gradients in composition, structure, and mechanical properties. These …

Background This article provides a detailed narrative review on the history and current
concepts surrounding ligamentous repair techniques in athletic patients. In particular, we will …

Background: Rotator cuffs heal through a scar tissue interface after repair that makes them
prone to failure. Scleraxis (Scx) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is thought …

Stem cells have the capacity for self‐renewal and capability of differentiation to various cell
lineages. Thus, they represent an important building block for regenerative medicine and …

Background Rotator cuff tendons heal to bone with interposed scar tissue, which makes
repairs prone to failure. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of bone …

While a wide variety of approaches to engineering orthopedic tissues have been proposed,
less attention has been paid to the interfaces, the specialized areas that connect two tissues …