Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by near-universal mutations in
KRAS and frequent deregulation of crucial embryonic signalling pathways, including the …

In recent years, the T1799A B-type Raf kinase (BRAF) mutation in thyroid cancer has
received enthusiastic investigation, and significant progress has been made toward …

Mutations in growth signaling pathways extend life span, as well as protect against age-
dependent DNA damage in yeast and decrease insulin resistance and cancer in mice. To …

Cell-cycle transitions in higher eukaryotes are regulated by different cyclin-dependent
kinases (CDKs) and their activating cyclin subunits. Based on pioneering findings that a …

Recent studies demonstrate that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its effector,
S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), lie at the crossroads of a nutrient–hormonal signaling network that is …

Context: Genetic alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-
kinase (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK pathways have not been fully defined in anaplastic and …

Purpose: The present study was aimed at clarifying the expression of astrocyte elevated
gene-1 (AEG-1), one of the target genes of oncogenic Ha-ras, in breast cancer and its …

Smad4 is a central mediator of TGF-β signaling, and its expression is downregulated or lost
at the malignant stage in several cancer types. In this study, we found that Smad4 was …

The p21 RAS subfamily of small GTPases, including KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS, regulates
cell proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and other signaling networks, and is the most …

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR α) leads to hepatocellular
proliferation and liver carcinomas. The early events mediating these effects are unknown. A …