Introduction: Cannabis has been used for medical purposes across the world for centuries.
As states and countries implement medical and recreational cannabis policies, increasing …

Pain and substance use are highly prevalent and co-occurring conditions that continue to
garner increasing clinical and empirical interest. Although nicotine and tobacco, alcohol …

Despite the long-standing belief in the analgesic properties of alcohol, experimental studies
have produced mixed results. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify whether alcohol produces …

Chronic pain has a tremendous personal and socioeconomic impact and remains difficult to
treat. Therefore, it is important to provide an update on the current understanding regarding …

Interrelations between pain, nicotine, and tobacco smoking are of increasing interest due to
their prevalence, public health impacts, and significant comorbidity (Fig. 1). Approximately …

Tobacco smoking is associated with adverse health effects, and its relationship to pain is
complex. The longitudinal effect of smoking on patients attending a tertiary pain …

Worldwide, 80% of patients who undergo surgery receive opioid analgesics as the
fundamental agent for pain relief. However, the irrational use of opioids leads to excessive …

This review discusses chronic pain, multiple modifiable lifestyle factors, such as stress,
insomnia, diet, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, and the …

Objective Central sensitization is present in different pain conditions, including chronic
whiplash-associated disorders. In the absence of a gold standard method of assessment to …

Introduction Ingestion of nicotine by smoking, vaping, or other means elicits various effects
including reward, antinociception, and aversion due to irritation, bitter taste, and unpleasant …