All mammalian cells display a diverse array of glycan structures that differ from those that are
found on microbial pathogens. Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin …

Exosomes are membranous nanovesicles of endocytic origin that carry host and pathogen
derived genomic, proteomic, and lipid cargos. Exosomes are secreted by most cell types into …

Interferon (IFN) inhibits HIV replication by inducing antiviral effectors. To comprehensively
identify IFN-induced HIV restriction factors, we assembled a CRISPR sgRNA library of …

The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins have been recently shown to restrict
HIV-1 and other viruses. Here, we provide evidence that IFITM proteins, particularly IFITM2 …

Exacerbated and persistent innate immune response marked by pro-inflammatory cytokine
expression is thought to be a major driver of chronic COVID-19 pathology. Although …

Splenic CD169+ macrophages are located in the marginal zone to efficiently capture blood-
borne pathogens. Here, we investigate the requirements for the induction of CD8+ T cell …

Dendritic cells can capture and transfer retroviruses in vitro across synaptic cell-cell contacts
to uninfected cells, a process called trans-infection. Whether trans-infection contributes to …

Abstract mRNA vaccines are attractive prospects for the development of DC-targeted
vaccines; however, no clinical success has been realized because, currently, it is difficult to …

Siglecs are mammalian sialic acid (Sia) recognizing immunoglobulin-like receptors
expressed across the major leukocyte lineages, and function to recognize ubiquitous Sia …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in order to combat invading viruses and trigger antiviral
responses. Paradoxically, in the case of HIV-1, DCs might contribute to viral pathogenesis …