The relationship of poststroke spasticity and motor recovery can be confusing.“True” motor
recovery refers to return of motor behaviors to prestroke state with the same end-effectors …

We describe a physical approach to biological functions, with the emphasis on the motor
and sensory functions. The approach assumes the existence of biology-specific laws of …

Background The prevalence of increased muscle tone after stroke is frequently reported as
30% to 40%, and the condition is often concurrent with motor control deficits, manifesting as …

Background Motor impairment after stroke interferes with performance of everyday activities.
Upper limb spasticity may further disrupt the movement patterns that enable optimal function; …

Physics of Biological Action and Perception helps researchers interested in exploring
biological motor control from a physics or alternative viewpoint perspective. The book …

Objective: Stroke is a common reason for motor disability and is often associated with
spasticity and poor motor function of the upper limbs involved. Spasticity management is …

Abstract The Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT) is the joint angle or muscle length (λ) at
which muscle activation begins. In spasticity, the TSRT abnormally lies inside the …

Background Muscle overactivity is one of the positive signs of upper motor neuron lesions. In
these patients, the loss of muscle length and extensibility resulting from soft tissue …

Sensorimotor deficits following stroke often result in loss of independence and are a leading
cause of long-term disability. 1, 2 These impairments can include weakness, spasticity, and …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality.
Individuals with TBI have impairments in both cognitive and motor domains. Motor …