Trauma-and disease-related skeletal defects and illnesses are plaguing millions of people
especially in an ageing globe. Recently, the convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) …

Biodegradable poly (lactic acid)(PLA) presents suitable physicochemical properties and
biocompatibility for biomedical engineering. However, PLA has some drawbacks, such as …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most widely used raw material in extrusion-based three-
dimensional (3D) printing (fused deposition modeling, FDM approach) in many areas since …

Abstract 3D-printed composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing
limitations when facing bone reconstruction. The aim of the study was to systematically …

3D printing is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that has developed rapidly in the
past decades due to its advantages, such as freedom of design, mass customization, waste …

Bone regeneration is an upcoming and promising field in orthopaedics and tissue
engineering. Conventional treatment approaches for bone repair often cause infection …

Bone tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field with potential for the regeneration of
craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bones, with 3D printing being a suitable fabrication tool for patient …

The scaffolds, which morphologically and physiologically mimic natural features of the bone,
are of high demand for regenerative medicine. To address this challenge, we have …

Graphene-contained calcium silicate (CS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold (GCP) provides
an alternative solution that can bring several bone formation properties, such as …

Poly (lactic acid)(PLA) is widely used in the field of medicine due to its biocompatibility,
versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Three-dimensional (3D) printing or the systematic …