Multicellular tumor spheroid models (MCTS) are often coined as 3D in vitro models that can
mimic the microenvironment of tissues. MCTS have gained increasing interest in the nano …

Tremendous progress has been made in the field of toxicology leading to the advance of
developmental toxicity assessment. Conventional animal models and in vitro two …

To overcome the drawbacks of in vitro liver testing during drug development, numerous liver-
on-a-chip models have been developed. However, current liver-on-a-chip technologies are …

Dental pulp regeneration therapy for the pulpless tooth has attracted recent attention, and
clinical trial studies are underway with the tissue engineering approach. However, there …

3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models were developed in order to mimic the complexity of real
organ/tissue in a dish. They offer new possibilities to model biological processes in more …

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are nanomaterials that are widely used in many
fields. ZnO NPs are ion-shedding particles, and zinc ions produce important and potent …

Humans are exposed to a wide variety of nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment, in
consumer, health and medical products, and in food. Conventional cytotoxicity testing …

Exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is plausible in real life due to ambient particulate exposure
or development of nanotechnologies, hence the evaluation of NP toxicity as well as …

Spheroid culture provides cells with a three‐dimensional environment that can better mimic
physiological conditions compared to monolayer culture. Technologies involved in the …

Three-dimensional cell culture has revolutionized cellular biology research and opened the
door to novel discoveries in terms of cellular behavior and response to microenvironment …