The development of environmental microsensor techniques is a revolutionary advance in
the measurement of both absolute levels and changes in chemical species in the field of …

This paper presents optical characterization of a first-generation SiO_2 optrode array as a
set of penetrating waveguides for both optogenetic and infrared (IR) neural stimulation …

Microelectrodes are among the most accurate and reliable monitoring devices for measuring
the dynamics of biofilm processes. This paper describes a novel needle-type microelectrode …

The need for accurate, robust in situ microscale monitoring of oxidation− reduction potentials
(ORP) is required for continuous soil pore water quality monitoring. We are developing a …

There is a clear need for in situ monitoring of oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) in many
environmental applications, particularly those involving water quality monitoring and …

The primary objective of this paper is to present a simplified model for an array of Atomic
Force Microscopes (AFMs) operating in static mode. Its derivation is based on the asymptotic …

This manuscript reports on the development of a needle-type sensor for in situ on-site
measurement of pH. Conventional pH microelectrode sensors are fabricated by pulling …

The determination of phosphate has been of great importance in the fields of clinical,
environmental, and horticultural analysis for over three decades. New cobalt‐based micro …

Silicon neural prosthetic probes require reliable sensing electrodes able to access deep
cortical structures without breakage. However, manufacturing limitations have prevented a …

Silicon cantilever arrays with a very small pitch for parallel AFM operations were studied. We
fabricated 1x104 in eight groups and 1x30 Si probe arrays and produced a smaller pitch (15 …