Despite its comparatively limited size in humans, spleen has been shown able to expel red-
blood cells in the circulation and thus augment blood oxygen-carrying capacity under certain …

Current guidelines for prolonged altitude exposure suggest altitude levels ranging from
2000 to 2500 m to optimize an increase in total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass). However …

Background The anemia prevalence is higher in highlands populations. It is assumed that
iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children is mainly due to low dietary intake. However, other …

In lowlanders, high altitude (HA) acclimatization induces hemoconcentration by reducing
plasma volume (PV) and increasing total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass). Conversely, Tibetan …

Introduction Mountain ultramarathon induces extreme physiological stress for the human
body. For instance, a decrease in total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) due to severe hemolysis …

Hypoxic environments elicit multiple physiological responses in order to maintain sufficient
oxygen delivery, and ultimately, maintain function. The brain is particularly susceptible to …

Since the elevation of atmospheric oxygen levels on Earth, there has been a notable surge
in the proliferation of animal species, including humans. With this advancement, eukaryotic …

The vision of the International Hypoxia Symposia is to present cutting edge, sophisticated
research at the very highest levels into the many effects of hypoxia on humans and animals …