The demand for recombinant proteins in terms of quality, quantity, and diversity is increasing
steadily, which is attracting global attention for the development of new recombinant protein …

Plant cells are ideal bioreactors for the production and oral delivery of vaccines and
biopharmaceuticals, eliminating the need for expensive fermentation, purification, cold …

The gut contains very large numbers of bacteria. Changes in the composition of the gut flora,
due in particular to antibiotics, can happen silently, leading to the selection of highly …

Mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to the external environment and therefore
represent the largest lymphoid organ of the body. In the mucosal immune system, gut …

Plants have been identified as promising expression systems for commercial production of
vaccine antigens. In phase I clinical trials several plant-derived vaccine antigens have been …

Cholera and malaria are major diseases causing high mortality. The only licensed cholera
vaccine is expensive; immunity is lost in children within 3 years and adults are not fully …

To ensure their survival, a number of bacterial and plant species have evolved a common
strategy to capture energy from other biological systems. Being imperfect pathogens …

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the most common bacterial cause of …

Recombinant subunit vaccines have been with us for the last 30 years and they provide us
with the unique opportunity to choose from the many available production systems that can …

Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect
and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value …