The blood–brain barrier is playing a critical role in controlling the influx and efflux of
biological substances essential for the brain's metabolic activity as well as neuronal function …

The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914,
that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood …

In the initial process of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects respiratory epithelial cells and then transfers …

The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and
forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood–brain …

Vascular disruption is the underlying cause of cerebral hemorrhage, including intracerebral,
subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage. The disease etiology also involves cerebral …

Low-intensity ultrasound combined with intravenously injected microbubbles (US+ MB) is a
novel treatment modality for brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), safely and …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) precisely controls brain microenvironment and neural activity
by regulating substance transport into and out of the brain. However, it severely hinders drug …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the one of the most robust physical barriers in the body,
comprised of tight junction (TJ) proteins in brain microvascular endothelial cells. The need …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the access of substances to the central nervous system
(CNS) which hinders the treatment of pathologies affecting the brain and the spinal cord …

The highly secure blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts drug access to the brain, limiting the
molecular toolkit for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases to small, lipophilic …