Dopamine regulates reward-related behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic
pathway. Stress affects dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the …

Many psychiatric disorders, despite their specific characteristics, share deficits in the
cognitive domain including executive functions, emotional control and memory. However …

Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that immune dysregulation, specifically of
inflammatory processes, is associated with symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) will affect one out of every five people in their lifetime and
is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with the …

Repeated environmental stress has been proposed to induce neural inflammation together
with depression and anxiety. Innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder and
posttraumatic stress disorder, exact enormous socioeconomic and individual consequences …

Brain stimulation and imaging studies in humans have highlighted a key role for the
prefrontal cortex in clinical depression; however, it remains unknown whether excitation or …

The c-fos gene was first described as a proto-oncogene responsible for the induction of
bone tumors. A few decades ago, activation of the protein product c-fos was reported in the …

Psychological stress contributes to the development of clinical depression. This has
prompted many preclinical studies to investigate the neurobiology of this relationship …

Decreased medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neuronal activity is associated with social defeat-
induced depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. However, the molecular …