With the advent of new satellite technology, the radiative energy exchanges between Sun,
Earth, and space may now be quantified accurately. Nevertheless, much less is known …

Surface energy processes has an essential role in urban weather, climate and hydrosphere
cycles, as well in urban heat redistribution. The research was undertaken to analyze the …

Geothermal energy is an increasingly important component of green energy in the globe. A
prerequisite for geothermal energy development is to acquire the local and regional …

Latent heat is the energy released or absorbed by a substance through phase change
without changing its temperature. Its flux is a crucial element of the hydrological cycle at the …

Drought is a period of abnormally dry weather with a serious shortage of water supply.
Drought indices can be an advantageous indicator to assess drought for taking further …

Land use and land cover (LULC) play a crucial role in the interaction between the land and
atmosphere, influencing climate at local, regional, and global scales. LULC change due to …

Abstract The Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 triggered an extremely
destructive tsunami that hit the Tohoku region of Japan severely. According to data from the …

This study highlights the possibilities and constraints of determining instantaneous spatial
surface radiation and land heat fluxes from satellite images in a heterogeneous urban area …

Drought, a destructive natural disaster, poses a significant threat to vulnerable areas
worldwide. Its occurrence in Taiwan brings up concerns, particularly for vital sectors, such as …

A global sensitivity analysis utilizing the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test is used to
determine the parameter sensitivity of the L-band microwave emission of the biosphere (L …