Vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) is the last identified member of the SLC17 organic
anion transporter family, which plays a central role in vesicular storage in ATP-secreting …

Background Glutamate and glutamine are the most abundant amino acids in the blood and
play a crucial role in cell survival in the nervous system. Various transporters found in cell …

The brain is a metabolically fragile organ as compromises in fuel availability rapidly degrade
cognitive function. Nerve terminals are likely loci of this vulnerability as they do not store …

Recent evidence suggests that nano-organization of proteins within synapses may control
the strength of communication between neurons in the brain. The unique subsynaptic …

Vesicular glutamate transporters accumulate glutamate in synaptic vesicles, where they also
function as a major Cl-efflux pathway. Here we combine heterologous expression and …

The brain is an organ that consumes a lot of energy. In the brain, energy is required for
synaptic transmission, numerous biosynthetic processes and axonal transport in neurons …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease implicated in multiple
interacting neurotransmitter pathways. Glutamate is the central excitatory neurotransmitter in …

Increasing evidence indicates that photobiomodulation, based on tissue irradiation with
photons in the red to near-infrared spectrum, may be an effective therapeutic approach to …

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful
tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols …

Ribbon synapses reliably transmit synaptic signals over a broad signalling range. Rod
photoreceptor ribbon synapses are capable of transmitting signals generated by the …