Goal-directed social behaviours such as mating and fighting are associated with scalable
and persistent internal states of emotion, motivation, arousal or drive. How those internal …

In Drosophila melanogaster, the causal links among a complex behaviour, single neurons
and single genes can be demonstrated through experimental manipulations. A key player in …

Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analysing electron
microscopic brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of …

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize
new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly …

We identified the neurons comprising the Drosophila mushroom body (MB), an associative
center in invertebrate brains, and provide a comprehensive map describing their potential …

The ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) contains∼ 4,000
neurons that project to multiple targets and control innate social behaviors including …

We established a collection of 7,000 transgenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster.
Expression of GAL4 in each line is controlled by a different, defined fragment of genomic …

Despite the importance of the insect nervous system for functional and developmental
neuroscience, descriptions of insect brains have suffered from a lack of uniform …

Background Animal behavior is governed by the activity of interconnected brain circuits.
Comprehensive brain wiring maps are thus needed in order to formulate hypotheses about …

To sense myriad environmental odors, animals have evolved multiple, large families of
divergent olfactory receptors. How and why distinct receptor repertoires and their associated …