The introduction of tacrolimus in clinical practice has improved patient survival after organ
transplant. However, despite the long use of tacrolimus in clinical practice, the best way to …

Cyclosporine has been established as a gold standard for its immunosuppressant action.
Apart from this, the molecule is boon in treating broad spectrum of diseases like rheumatoid …

Importance Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing provides preemptive pharmacotherapeutic
guidance regarding the lack of therapeutic benefit or adverse drug reactions of PGx targeted …

Mammalian target of rapamycin, also known as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a
protein kinase that belongs to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is involved in …

Background Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
tends to overcome other methods for therapeutic drugs monitoring (TDM) due to its very …

Background Polymorphisms in genes encoding transport proteins and metabolizing
enzymes involved in tacrolimus (TAC) disposition may be important sources of individual …

Tacrolimus intra-patient variability (IPV) is a novel predictive marker for long-term kidney
transplantation outcomes. We examined the association between IPV and calcineurin …

Immunosuppressive drugs used in solid organ transplants typically have narrow therapeutic
windows and high intra-and intersubject variability. To ensure satisfactory exposure …

Background Poor sleep quality (SQ) and daytime sleepiness (DS) are common in renal
transplant (RTx) recipients; however, related data are rare. This study describes the …

Background: Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are limited by a narrow therapeutic window.
Maintaining immunosuppressive drugs at desired levels may be difficult. Pharmaceutical …