Melatonin is registered to treat circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders and insomnia in
patients aged 55 years and over. The essential role of the circadian sleep rhythm in the …

Epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with sleep problems are at a greater
risk of developing immune and chronic inflammatory diseases. As sleep disorders and low …

An association of melatonin levels with age disease initiation of autoimmune diseases and
pineal calcification was reported while an inverse association between melatonin levels and …

Purpose Bone diseases account for an enormous cost burden on health systems. Bone
disorders are considered as age-dependent diseases. The aging of world population has …

Background Triptolide (TP) is an important active compound from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook
F (Tw HF), however, it is greatly limited in clinical practice due to its severe toxicity …

The characteristic features of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) microenvironment are synovial
inflammation and hyperplasia. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing a suitable …

Introduction: Insulin resistance is associated with a pro-inflammatory state increasing the risk
for complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its …

Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion
of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood …

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in young people.
Although biologics now enable most children and adolescents with JIA to enjoy clinical …

In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to act as a critical regulator of innate and
adaptive immune responses. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of …