The variational quantum eigensolver (or VQE), first developed by Peruzzo et al.(2014), has
received significant attention from the research community in recent years. It uses the …

Photons have been a flagship system for studying quantum mechanics, advancing quantum
information science, and developing quantum technologies. Quantum entanglement …

Controlling and programming quantum devices to process quantum information by the unit
of quantum dit, ie, qudit, provides the possibilities for noise-resilient quantum …

Photonics is a promising platform for implementing universal quantum information
processing. Its main challenges include precise control of massive circuits of linear optical …

E-commerce, a type of trading that occurs at a high frequency on the internet, requires
guaranteeing the integrity, authentication, and nonrepudiation of messages through long …

Our world, of course, changed in many other ways as well since the publication of the first
edition. The global pandemic impacted all areas of society and will probably transform how …

Quantum computers can solve certain problems more efficiently than any possible
conventional computer. Small quantum algorithms have been demonstrated on multiple …

Quantum computers are designed to outperform standard computers by running quantum
algorithms. Areas in which quantum algorithms can be applied include cryptography, search …

Presently, one of the most ambitious technological goals is the development of devices
working under the laws of quantum mechanics. One prominent target is the quantum …

ABSTRACT Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion (SPDC), also known as parametric
fluorescence, parametric noise, parametric scattering and all various combinations of the …