Infective endocarditis (IE), initially described more than 350 years ago, involves infection of
the endocardial surface of the heart. The clinical manifestations of IE can involve every …

Infectious endocarditis remains both a diagnostic and a treatment challenge. A positive
outcome depends on a rapid diagnosis, accurate risk stratification, and a thorough follow-up …

The annual incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is estimated to be between 15 and 80
cases per million persons in population-based studies. The incidence of IE is markedly …

Background: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) chronic infection diagnosis is
challenging because the clinical presentation is frequently misleading and …

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a commensal bacterium that causes various infections
in surgical sites, the urinary tract, and blood. The bacterium is becoming a significant …

Background The constant interaction between intracardiac leads and the heart and veins
results in excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue around the leads. The extent …

Background Finding of intracardiac lead masses in patients with cardiac implantable
electronic devices remains controversial, as such masses have been observed in cases of …

Owing to their success in clinical practice, the prevalence of cardiovascular implants is
continuously increasing. Implant infection is a relevant complication but remains a …

Introduction Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is recommended to rule out
endocarditis in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). A lead‐based …

Background In patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction (TLE) transesophageal
echocardiography (TEE) provide valuable information after procedure. Methods We …