Major depressive disorder (MDD) was previously hypothesized to be a disease of
monoamine deficiency in which low levels of monoamines in the synaptic cleft were …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive
memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in activities of daily life. Its …

Depression represents a global mental health concern, and disproportionally affects women
as they are twice more likely to be diagnosed than men. In this review, we provide a …

Cytokines are pleiotropic molecules with important roles in inflammatory responses. Pro-
inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation are important not only in inflammatory …

Stress is associated with the onset and severity of several psychiatric disorders that occur
more frequently in women than men, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and …

Context Although differences in clinical characteristics exist between major depressive
disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), consistent structural brain abnormalities that …

Childhood trauma is a potent risk factor for developing depression in adulthood, particularly
in response to additional stress. We here summarize results from a series of clinical studies …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has until recently been conceptualized as an episodic
disorder associated with 'chemical imbalances' but no permanent brain changes. Evidence …

Objective. So far, there have been no attempts to integrate the growing number of all brain
volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies in depression. In this comprehensive meta …

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have found reduced hippocampal volume in patients with
unipolar depression, but discrepancies exist. The authors performed a systematic review …