The collective somatic mutations observed in a cancer are the outcome of multiple
mutagenic processes that have been operative over the lifetime of a patient. Each process …

A large body of evidence supports the idea that accumution of mutant APC alleles in affected
kindreds (Groden lated genetic changes underlie the development of neoet al., 1991; …

Cell lines are invaluable biomedical research tools, and recent literature has emphasized
the importance of genotype authentication and characterization. In the present study, 24 out …

It has long been considered that genetic instability is an integral component of human
neoplasia1–3. In a small fraction of tumours, mismatch repair deficiency leads to a …

Background.—Under the auspices of the College of American Pathologists, the current state
of knowledge regarding pathologic prognostic factors (factors linked to outcome) and …

Mismatch repair stabilizes the cellular genome by correcting DNA replication errors and by
blocking recombination events between divergent DNA sequences. The reaction …

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a distinct autosomal dominant
syndrome accounting for approximately 5%–6% of the total colorectal cancer burden with …

Cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP) show exaggerated genomic
instability at simple repeat sequences. More than 50 percent (21 out of 41) of human MMP+ …

There is increasing evidence that most human cancers contain multiple mutations. By the
time a tumor is clinically detectable it may have accumulated tens of thousands of mutations …

Abstract BACKGROUND The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), which regularly
reviews TNM staging systems, established a working party to develop recommendations for …