In this paper, an improved bio-inspired optimization algorithm called Seagull Optimization
Algorithm (ISOA) is proposed. ISOA is developed based on three techniques, these …

The protection system has a vital role in subsystems of the power network including the
generation, transmission and distribution system. This system combines several types of …

Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are widely used in electric tractor powertrains, but
torque ripple remains a challenge. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are …

This paper provides a comprehensive review of optimization techniques for coordinating
directional overcurrent relays in power systems. It covers a wide range of techniques …

The relay optimization expresses quite a challenge for smooth and optimal operation of
power system networks. The relay optimization is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear …

This paper proposes an adaptive protection scheme (APS) based on the original heap-
based optimization (HBO) and a modified HBO (MHBO). APS is used to solve protection …

This paper addresses the challenge of protecting electrical networks in the presence of
distribution generators (DGs). The use of DGs affects fault currents, leading to …

In this paper, an adaptive protection scheme is presented. This protection scheme is based
on a recent algorithm called the tunicate swarm. This algorithm simulates the tunicate the …

More endeavors and attempts are still dedicated to solving the optimal relays coordination
problem in power systems due to its complexity and evolvement. Consequently, a novel …

Protecting AC microgrids (MGs) is a challenging task due to their dual operating modes—
grid-connected and islanded—which cause sudden variations in fault currents. Traditional …