OX40 (CD134) and its binding partner, OX40L (CD252), are members of the tumor necrosis
factor receptor/tumor necrosis factor superfamily and are expressed on activated CD4+ and …

Immunological memory is one of the features that define the adaptive immune response: by
generating specific memory cells after infection or vaccination, the host provides itself with a …

Treatments for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) providing durable platelet
responses without continued dosing are limited. Whereas complete responses (CRs) to B …

CD4+ T lymphocytes are key to immunological memory. Here we show that in the memory
phase of specific immune responses, most of the memory CD4+ T lymphocytes had …

Immunological memory provides the basis for successful vaccines. It is important to
understand the properties of memory cells. There is much known about the phenotype and …

In most cases, a successful vaccine must induce an immune response that is better than the
response invoked by natural infection. Vaccines are still unavailable for several bacterial …

CD4 T cell help for B cells is critical for effective Ab responses. Although many of the
molecules involved in helper functions of naive CD4 T cells have been characterized, much …

While many aspects of memory T‐cell immunobiology have been characterized, we suggest
that we know only a fraction of the effector functions that CD4 T cells can bring to bear during …

Costimulatory cross-talk can occur at multiple cellular levels to potentiate expansion and
polarization of Th responses. Although OX40L ligand (OX40L) is thought to play a key role in …

In the course of an immune response to an infectious microbe, pathogen-specific naïve
CD4+ T cells proliferate extensively and differentiate into effector cells. Most of these cells …