Small newborns are vulnerable to mortality and lifelong loss of human capital. Measures of
vulnerability previously focused on liveborn low-birthweight (LBW) babies, yet LBW …

Despite major achievements in child survival, the burden of neonatal mortality has remained
high and even increased in some countries since 1990. Currently, most neonatal deaths are …

The assembly of microbial communities within the gastrointestinal tract during early life plays
a critical role in immune, endocrine, metabolic, and other host developmental pathways …

The past decade has seen an unprecedented increase in attention to undernutrition, and
drastically reducing child stunting has become a global development objective. The strong …

This guideline aims to improve the quality of care and the health and wellbeing of the
preterm or low birthweight infant aged 0-24 months. It is a guideline of new and updated …

Optimal health and development from preconception to adulthood are crucial for human
flourishing and the formation of human capital. The Nurturing Care Framework, as adapted …

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy is important for both maternal
health and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission; however adequate data on the safety …

Background It is unclear whether maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and
lactation improves fetal and infant growth in regions where vitamin D deficiency is common …

In recent decades, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically in
children and adolescents, posing a real public health problem. Beyond unhealthy diets and …

Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy, as well as early nutrition and the environment infants
are raised in, are considered relevant factors for the prevention of childhood obesity. Several …