Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a low-cost, noninvasive optical technique that uses change
in light transmission with changes in blood volume within tissue to provide information for …

Melanocytes are melanin-producing cells found in skin, hair follicles, eyes, inner ear, bones,
heart and brain of humans. They arise from pluripotent neural crest cells and differentiate in …

Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise
transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia …

Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from
transformed melanocytes. It is crucial to identify melanoma at its early stages, in situ, as it is …

On the basis of its generally accessible I/II redox couple and bioavailability, copper plays a
wide variety of roles in nature that mostly involve electron transfer (ET), O 2 binding …

Skin color diversity is the most variable and noticeable phenotypic trait in humans resulting
from constitutive pigmentation variability. This paper will review the characterization of skin …

Melanins are well-known biopolymers that are ubiquitous in nature, distributed widely in
microorganisms, plants, and animals, and play significant physiological roles. They are …

Human skin is repeatedly exposed to UVR that influences the function and survival of many
cell types and is regarded as the main causative factor in the induction of skin cancer. It has …

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a melanocytic Gs protein coupled receptor that
regulates skin pigmentation, UV responses, and melanoma risk. It is a highly polymorphic …

Melanin pigmentation protects the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation
(UVR). There are two types of melanin, the red phaeome-lanin and the black eumelanin …