Efficient calculation of the light diffraction in free space is of great significance for tracing
electromagnetic field propagation and predicting the performance of optical systems such as …

Diffraction calculations, such as the angular spectrum method and Fresnel diffractions, are
used for calculating scalar light propagation. The calculations are used in wide-ranging …

We review Fourier methods used in the disciplines of electromagnetism and signal
processing, with a view to reconciling differences in approach. In particular, Fourier methods …

We show that the volumetric field distribution in the focal region of a high numerical aperture
focusing system can be efficiently calculated with a three-dimensional Fourier transform. In …

An extension of the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm from two dimensions to three is used to
configure a continuous optical trap geometry. Intensity tailoring in a continuous, three …

We propose a method for diffraction simulation with both shifted destination window and a
large oblique illumination. Based on the angular spectrum theory, we first derive a …

An efficient algorithm for calculating nonparaxial scalar field distributions in the focal region
of a lens is discussed. The algorithm is based on fast Fourier transform implementations of …

Three dimensional information of the Gouy phase shift in a converging spherical terahertz
(THz) beam is directly observed by using a THz balanced electro-optic holographic imaging …

An angular spectrum representation in three dimensions is used to develop three-
dimensional Fourier forms of the first and second Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction formulae …

We propose a method to generate a vectorial focal field with reconfigurable distributions for
both the intensity and polarization state. The three-dimensional focal volume was configured …