Despite their widespread Internet availability and use, many of the new drugs of abuse
remain unfamiliar to health care providers. The herbal marijuana alternatives, like K2 or …

Rationale Accumulating evidence indicates that brain kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) and
dynorphin, the endogenous ligand that binds at these receptors, are involved in regulating …

Background The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) system undergoes
neuroadaptations following chronic alcohol exposure that promote excessive operant self …

The dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system has been implicated in the pathogenesis and
pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders. In the present review, we present evidence …

Kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) are important for motivation and other medial prefrontal
cortex (mPFC)-dependent behaviors. Although KORs are present in the mPFC, their role in …

BACKGROUND: Salvia divinorum (Salvia) is an increasingly popular recreational drug
amongst adolescents and young adults. Its primary active ingredient, Salvinorin A (SA)—a …

This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers …

Salvia divinorum is a perennial sage native to Oaxaca, Mexico, that has been used
traditionally in divination rituals and as a treatment for the “semimagical” disease panzón de …

Salvinorin A (SalA), a selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, produces dysphoria and
pro-depressant like effects. These actions have been attributed to inhibition of striatal …

Introduction Stress is related to heavy alcohol use and relapse in alcoholics. Using the
reinstatement model, we have shown that corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) underlies …