The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous …

Diseases have caused tremendous economic losses and become the major problem
threatening the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture. The knowledge of host …

The outbreak of diseases ordinarily results from the disruption of the balance and harmony
between hosts and pathogens. Devoid of adaptive immunity, shrimp rely largely on the …

The annual production of shrimp culture in mainland of China has been over one million
tons for several years. The major cultivated penaeidae species are Litopenaeus vannamei …

The first line of defense against microbial infections in animals is innate immune response
which triggers diverse humoral and cellular activities via signal transduction pathways. Toll …

Since its emergence in the 1990s, White Spot Disease (WSD) has had major economic and
societal impact in the crustacean aquaculture sector. Over the years shrimp farming alone …

As invertebrates, shrimps rely on multiple innate defense reactions, including humoral
immunity and cellular immunity to recognize and eliminate various invaders, such as …

Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for
global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that …

Previous studies have discovered a lot of immune-related genes responding to white spot
syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in crustacean. However, little information is available in …

Marine invertebrates constantly interact with a wide range of microorganisms in their aquatic
environment and possess an effective defense system that has enabled their existence for …